These nerves sense and transmit heat, pain, and other noxious sensations. The epidermis is innervated with sensory nerves. Sebaceous glands are small, sack-shaped glands which release an oily substance onto the hair follicle that coats and protects the hair shaft from becoming brittle. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin located in the basal layer of the epidermis.Ī pacinian corpuscle is a nerve receptor located in the subcutaneous fatty tissue that responds to pressure and vibration. These cells attach themselves to antigens that invade damaged skin and alert the immune system to their presence.Ī melanocyte is a cell that produces melanin, and is located in the basal layer of the epidermis. The hair shaft is the part of the hair that is above the skin. It is located in the epidermis and the dermis. The hair follicle is a tube-shaped sheath that surrounds the part of the hair that is under the skin and nourishes the hair. When it contracts it causes the hair to stand erect, and a "goosebump" forms on the skin. The arrector pili muscle is a tiny muscle connected to each hair follicle and the skin. Hair Erector Muscle (Arrector Pili Muscle).They are evaluated when assessing overall nerve health and condition.īlood vessels carry nutrients and oxygen-rich blood to the cells that make up the layers of skin and carry away waste products. The skin contains many specialized cells and structures:īasket cells surround the base of hair follicles and can sense pressure. Under these two skin layers is a fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue, known as the subcutis or hypodermis. The second layer (located under the epidermis) is called the dermis it contains nerve endings, sweat glands, oil glands, and hair follicles. ![]() The outer layer is called the epidermis it is a tough protective layer that contains the melanin-producing melanocytes. These three layers differ in function, thickness, and strength. There are two general types of skin thin and hairy, which is more prevalent on the body, and thick and hairless, which is found on parts of the body that are used heavily and endure a large amount of friction, like the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet.īasically, the skin is comprised of two layers that cover a third fatty layer. The color, thickness and texture of skin vary over the body. The skin also helps regulate body temperature, gathers sensory information from the environment, stores water, fat, and vitamin D, and plays a role in the immune system protecting us from disease. It shields the body against heat, light, injury, and infection. The skin is the body's largest organ covering the entire outside of the body, it is about 2 mm thick and weighs approximately six pounds. ![]() The skin is a vital organ that covers the entire outside of the body, forming a protective barrier against pathogens and injuries from the environment.
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